1. As the crops were so abundant we decided to ———– them ———-.

a) put down
b) put by
c) put up
d) put on

2. If you want to suceed in life, you must ———– all negative thoughts ———–
a) put away
b) put off
c) put down
d) put on

3. His collegues ————- him ————– as a snob.

a) put down
b) put away
c) put by
d) put with

4. My uncle, who is an influential politician, has agreed to ————- a good word for me.

a) put in
b) put down
c) put for
d) put after

5.When I spoke to her I found out that she was much ————- her health.

a) put about
b) put on
c) put in
d) put down

6. Despite trying really hard, he failed to ———— his message ———–

a) put across
b) put away
c) put off
d) put in

7. All that you need is to  ————- an appearance at the meeting.

a) put in
b) put off
c) put down
d) put up

8. Please ————– the fire.

a) put out
b) put off
c) put up
d) put by

9. They did ————- a fight before giving in.

a) put up
b) put off
c) put on
d) put away

10. He accused the partisan crowd of ————- him ————- his game.

a) putting away
b) putting off
c) putting down
d) putting on

Answers

1. put by (save for future use)
2. put away (discard)
3. put down (categorize)
4. put in (introduce)
5. put about (be worried)
6. put across (persuade people to accept something)
7. put in (be present at)
8. put out (cause something to stop burning)
9. put up (offer resistance)
10. putting off (cause somebody to perform badly by taking his attention from it)

1. Is it wise to —————- appearances?

a) go with
b) go by
c) go down
d) go for

2. Prices of essential commodities have —————- in recent years.

a) gone by
b) gone up
c) gone with
d) gone off

3. The pistol ————– all of a sudden.

a) went down
b) went on
c) went off
d) went up

4. Suddenly all the lights ———————-

a) went out
b) went off
c) went on
5. went up

5. This watch is  —————— $50.

a) going for
b) going after
c) going on
d) going up

6. The manager promised to —————— the matter himself.

a) go into
b) go in for
c) go out
d) go by

7. Finding further resistance useless, he —————–

a) gave in
b) gave out
c) gave over
d) gave way

8. The doctor asked him to ——————- smoking.

a) give in
b) give up
c) give away
d) give out

9. The president —————— the prizes.

a) gave away
b) gave up
c) gave in
d) gave forth

10. Because of his being the son of a minister, he ————— very lightly.

a) got off
b) got on
c) got over
d) got through

Answers

1. go by (judge from)
2. gone up (increased)
3. went off (fired)
4. went out (extinguished)
5. going for (selling for)
6. go into (examine)
7. gave in (surrendered)
8. give up (stop doing something)
9. gave away (distributed)
10. got off (escaped punishment)

1. I ————— school last year.

a) left
b) have left
c) had left
d) was leaving

2. He —————– his speech after the break, but the President refused him permission to speak.

a) will have resumed
b) would have resumed
c) would resume
d) had resumed

3. A widespread outbreak of influenza ————— in the year 1919.

a) occur
b) was occurring
c) had occurred
d) occurred

4. Has the problem ———————–?

a) solved
b) been solved
c) solving
d) had solved

5. The old woman accused that her servant ——————- her necklace.

a) stole
b) had stolen
c) was stealing
d) steal

6. The accused ——————- the verdict with anxiety.

a) await
b) awaited
c) had awaited
d) had awaiting

7. The whole milk has —————— by the two children.

a) been drunk
b) was drunk
c) drunk
d) been drinking

8. Being an intelligent boy, he ——————- his lessons quite easily.

a) learn
b) learned
c) was learning
d) was learned

9. I ——————- from Bombay University in 2001.

a) had graduated
b) would graduate
c) graduated
d) will graduate

10. His parents do not —————– with him.

a) live
b) lives
c) lived

d) living

Answers

1. a) left
2. b) would have resumed
3. d) occurred
4. b) been solved
5. b) had stolen
6. b) awaited
7. a) been drunk
8. b) learned
9. c) graduated
10. a) live

Active: Do the children play football?
Passive: Is football played by the children? (NOT Do football played by the children?)
Active: Did Alice invite you?
Passive: Were you invited by Alice? (NOT Did you invited by Alice?)

Note:

As you may have noticed, the auxiliaries do, does and did are not used in the passive.

Active: Have you finished the work?
Passive: Has the work been finished by you?

Notes: The auxiliaries has, have and had are used in the passive, but they change their form according to the number and person of the passive subject.

Active: Can anyone cure it?
Passive: Can it be cured?
Active: Will he accept our invitation?
Passive: Will our invitation be accepted by him?

Note:

The auxiliaries can, may, will and shall do not change their beginning position when active voice is changed into the passive voice.

Active: Whom did you laugh at?
Passive: Who was laughed at by you?

Active: Who killed the snake?
Passive: By whom was the snake killed?

Note:

Who changes to by whom in the passive; (by) whom changes to who in the passive.

Active: Why did he punish you?
Passive: Why were you punished by him?

Notes:
The question words when, where, why, how and what do not change their beginning position when the sentence is changed from the active to the passive.

For and because

For is a coordinate conjunction. It introduces a coordinate clause. Because is a subordinate conjunction. It introduces a subordinate clause.

We will not go out, for it is raining.
We will not go out because it is raining.

Here the first sentence has two coordinate clauses: we will not go out and for it is raining. The second sentence has one coordinate clause (We will not go out) and one subordinate clause (because it is raining).

Whether

Whether introduces a noun clause when it implies an indirect question.

I want to know whether he is coming. (Here the subordinate clause ‘whether he is coming’ is a noun clause acting as the object of the verb know.)

Whether introduces an adverb clause of condition when it indicates a condition and is followed by or.

You must take this medicine whether you like it or not.

Indirect questions

Indirect questions  introduced by if or whether are noun clauses.

He asked me whether I could help him. (Whether I could help him – noun clause)

After the conjunctions when, unless, if, till, whether…or, while and though, the verb to be is often understood. When analyzing sentences containing any one of the above conjunctions, first supply the omitted words.

I broke my leg, while climbing up the ladder. (= I broke my leg, while I was climbing up the ladder.)

The same word may introduce clauses of different kinds. The nature of each clause should be found out from the purpose it serves in the sentence.

He said that…

Whatever clause you put after ‘that’ will automatically become a noun clause.

He said that he would come.
He said that he was interested in the offer.
He said that he was busy.
He said that he had received the letter.

Instead of the verb ’said’, you can use any of the following verbs.

Know, believe, think, realize

I think that she is very intelligent.
I realized that my decision was wrong.

Feel, hope, understand, wish

I felt that it was a good offer.
I understand that I can be wrong.

See, notice, find, discover, note

I noticed that something was amiss.
I discovered that he was cheating on me.

Hear, listen

I heard that there was an explosion.

Say, tell, ask, request, order

He told me that he would come.
He ordered that we should go at once.

Explain, suggest, reply, inform

Mother suggested that I should consult a doctor.
He informed us that there was a problem.

As the subject of a verb

The news was true. (Here the subject of the sentence is the noun ‘the news’.)
What he said was true. (Here the subject of the sentence is the noun clause ‘what he said’.)

As the object of a finite verb, participle or infinitive

He told me a story. (Here the noun ‘a story’ is the object of the verb ‘told’.)
He told me that he would not go. (Here the noun clause ‘that he would not go’ is the object of the verb told.)

As the object of a preposition

Pay attention to my story. (Here the noun ‘my story’ is the object of the preposition to.)
Pay attention to what I say. (Here the noun clause ‘what I say’ is the object of the preposition to.)

Object of a verb of incomplete predication

My belief is true. (Here the noun true is the object of is which is a verb of incomplete predication.)
My belief is that he will pass. (Here the noun clause ‘that he will pass’ is the object of is.)

In apposition to a noun or pronoun

Tagore, the great poet, was also a great painter. (Here the noun ‘the great poet’ is used in apposition to the noun Tagore.)
The news that he was safe made us happy. (Here the noun clause ‘that he was safe’ is used in apposition to the noun ‘the news’.)

A few words which are followed by a certain preposition or adverb particle in British English is followed by a different preposition or particle in American English.

Different from/than (American English); different from/to (British English)
Check something out (AE); check something (BE)
Do something over/again (AE); do something again (BE)
Live on (name) street (AE); live in (name) street (BE)
On a team (AE); in a team (BE)
Sunday through/to Saturday (AE); Sunday to Saturday (BE)

Spelling

A large number of words that end in -our in British English end in -or in American English. Some words end in -er in American English and -re in British English. Many verbs that end in -ize in American English can be spelt with either -ize or -ise in British English. Some of the commonest words with different spellings are given below:

Analyze (AE), analyse (BE)
Aluminum (AE), aluminium (BE)
catalog (AE), catalogue (BE)
center (AE), centre (BE)
check (AE), cheque (issued by a bank) (BE)
color (AE), colour (BE)
defense (AE), defence (BE)
honor (AE), honour (BE)
jewelry (AE), jewellery (BE)
labor (AE), labour (BE)
paralyze (AE), paralyse (BE)
program (AE), programme (BE)
theater (AE), theatre (BE)
tire (AE), tyre (on a wheel) (BE)
traveler (AE), traveller (BE)

The Prime Minister is to visit Africa next month.
We are to get a wage rise in May.

Be can be followed by a perfect infinitive (to have + past participle) to show that a planned event did not happen.

I was to have returned last month, but I changed my mind.

To talk about pre-conditions

The structure be + infinitive is common in if-clauses, especially when the if-clause expresses a pre-condition.

You will have to work hard if are to pass this exam.

Orders
Be + infinitive is common in orders. Parents and teachers often use this structure when speaking to their children and students.

You are to learn this poem by heart.
You are to do your homework before you can go out.

Be + passive infinitive

The structure be + passive infinitive (to be + past participle) is common in notices and instructions.

The label is not to be removed.
The missing boy was no where to be found.

Tenses

The structure be + infinitive is only possible in present and past tenses. Present perfect or future structures are not possible.

We are to go on a vacation.
We were to go on a vacation
We have been to go on a vacation. (Wrong)
We will be to go on a vacation. (Wrong)

Have you got any rice?
Did you have any trouble going through customs?
You never send me any gift.
Any is common after if in affirmative clauses.

If you need any help, just give me a call.

Any may also emphasize the idea: ‘it doesn’t matter who, what, which’.

Any and some
Like any, some is also a determiner expressing an indefinite amount or number. Some is more common in affirmative clauses.

Compare:

Do you have any money?
No, I haven’t got any money.
Yes, I have got some money.

Any, not any and no

Any alone does not express a negative meaning. To be negative any should be used with not.

She was unhappy because she didn’t get any gifts. (NOT She was unhappy because she got any gifts.)

No means the same as ‘not any’, but it is more emphatic.

She has got no money. (More emphatic than ‘She hasn’t got any money’)

Notes

You cannot begin a sentence with ‘not any‘. Instead, no is used.

Any and a/an
Any is often used with uncountable and plural nouns. It has more or less the same meaning as ‘a/an’ has with singular countable nouns.

She has a friend in that city.
She hasn’t got any friends in that city.