A relative clause is a kind of subordinate clause which is attached to a head noun within a noun phrase.

There are two kinds of relative clauses: restrictive or defining relative clauses and non-restrictive or non-defining relative clauses.

A restrictive relative clause is required to identify what is being referred to.

Fill in the blanks with suitable present tense forms.

1.    They ————————- for Sydney tomorrow.

a)    Are leave
b)    Are leaving
c)    Leaving
d)    Have left

2.    She ———————— the present.

a)    Received
b)    Has received
c)    Has receiving
d)    Will receive

3.    I ———————— about his sincerity.

The subjunctive mood scarcely exists in present day English. It is marked by distinctive verb forms which are now confined to the verb be and third person singular forms of other verbs. Note that the subjunctive forms still exist in American English.

The following are the forms of the subjunctive.

Ceiling, sealing and roof

Ceiling is the inside top of a room.
This room has a low ceiling.

Sealing is the act of setting a seal.
Please, seal this box.

The roof is the upper covering of a building.
The roof of the house was blown off in the storm.

In the following sentences change the verbs into their corresponding past tenses.

State whether the –ing forms given in the following sentences are participles or gerunds. In the case of participles, name the noun or pronoun they qualify. In the case of gerunds, state what function they serve in the sentence.

Rewrite the following sentences by changing the participle into a finite verb.

Join the following pairs of sentences by using a participle.

Join together the following sentences by using infinitives.

State whether the verbs in the following sentences are transitive or intransitive. Name the object of each transitive verb, and the complement of each verb of incomplete predication.