If the sentence contains one or more auxiliary verbs, we make negative forms by putting not after the first auxiliary.

• She has passed the test. (Affirmative)
• She has not passed the test. (Negative)

Question forms are made by putting the first auxiliary verb before the subject. Note that we do not put the whole of the verb before the subject. Only the auxiliary verb is inverted.

• She has been suspended. (Affirmative)
• Has she been suspended? (Question)

Exercise 1

Change the following affirmative sentences into negative sentences.

1. I have seen him before. …………………………………………………………………..

2. I have seen a whale. ……………………………………………………………..

3. She has finished the job. ……………………………………………………….

4. They have arrived. ……………………………………………………………..

5. It has happened before. …………………………………………………………..

6. She has bought a new car. …………………………………………………………

7. They have built a house. ………………………………………………………..

Answers

1. I have not seen him before.

2. I have not seen a whale.

3. She has not finished the job.

4. They have not arrived.

5. It has not happened before.

6. She has not bought a new car.

7. They have not built a house.

Change the following affirmative sentences into questions.

1. I have been to Australia. ………………………………………………………?

2. She has finished her work. …………………………………………………………..?

3. She has bought a new car. ………………………………………………………………?

4. They have arrived. …………………………………………………..?

5. I have invited them. ………………………………………………….?

Answers

1. Have I been to Australia?

2. Has she finished her work?

3. Has she bought a new car?

4. Have they arrived?

5. Have I invited them?